Religious Holidays

Drawing on Alain De Botton’s Atheism 2.0 TED Talk, Timefulism brings people together by using our shared history as a basis for the creation of rituals and holy days.  In short, each day of the year is mapped onto a span of time, starting with the beginning of the universe and ending with the year 2030, which is projected to be the end of human history. 

It is fair to say that we would not be here if things hadn’t happened just the way they happened during each one of those periods.  For example, if, after life began, just one of our many millions of ancestors had not lived to maturity and been able to reproduce, we would not be here.  So for every day of the year (except the last few), we can be thankful for the good luck that ensured the survival of every single one of our ancestors who lived during that period. 

But there were also major events that occurred that, by some fluke, allowed our ancestors as a group to survive and perhaps even prosper, such as the mass extinction that killed the dinosaurs and three-fourth of all the other extant species 66 million years ago, which maps to March 25.

In the large table table of the 365 days of the year, each day covers a time period in history determined by the following equation:

2032 – ((1.06605715821 ** (365 – n)) + (365 – n)) for the numbers 1 to 365, where the 1.06605715821 is the 365^th root of 13.8 billion years, which I’m assuming is the age of the universe. 

The result is that the early days of the year cover almost a billion years of time, whereas the last days of the year are closer to one year each.  The large table maps every day of the year onto a historical period, and for most days, identifies one or more events that were significant to human development and how we got to where we are today.  But first, two smaller tables.

For ease of understanding, let’s first look at a table showing how the spans vary the beginning of each month:

1/1	1	-13.80B	-12.94B	13,800,000,000	Big Bang
2/1	32	-1.9B	-1.782B
3/1	60	-316.8M	-297.2M
4/1	91	-43.61M	-40.91M
5/1	121	-6.399M	-6.002M
6/1	152	-879.3K	-824.7K
7/1	182	-127.5K	-119.4K	123,000	Large-group (100+) living and working
8/1	213	-15.92K	-14.82K
9/1	244	-540.303	-387.473	508	Democracy (Greece)
10/1	274	1580.412	1603.694	1601	Hamlet
11/1	305	1921.499	1925.567	1921	Federick Banting and Charles Bes discover insulin
12/1	335	1993.736	1995.186	1996	Rich countries impose TRIPs agreement on poor countries
12/31	365	2031			End of the age of humans

This shows how the formula does a very nice job of “compressing” the “span” of each day as the year goes on, such that the spans become shorter and shorter even as history becomes more and more eventful.  We use the entire period of the universe (as opposed to, e.g., the period of homo sapiens, or the period of humans), because the history of the universe is chock full of events that affected what the world is like today – events that, if they had not occurred, we would not be here.

Again, every period includes innumerable micro events (e.g., one of our many millions of common ancestors escaping from a particular predator), without which, we would not be here. But the periods also contain macro events that more obviously have shaped today’s world.  So, while there is good reason to worship every single day as a holiday, there may be special reason to worship some of these more “macro” events.  Here’s a table of some of the big ones, with yellow highlighting (not visible yet) for the ones that probably ought to be holidays for everyone:

1/1	1	-13.80B	-12.94B	13,800,000,000	Big Bang
1/18	18	-4.652B	-4.363B	4,570,000,000	Sun
				4,540,000,000	Proto-Earth and Theia
				4,510,000,000	Moon
				4,500,000,000	Earth as we know it
				4,400,000,000	Oceans
				4,400,000,000	Crust subduction
2/2	33	-1.782B	-1.672B	1,700,000,000	Eukaryotes
2/20	51	-563.4M	-528.5M	540,000,000	Cambrian Explosion
2/23	54	-465.1M	-436.2M	445,000,000	Mass extinction (3/4 of species)
2/26	57	-383.9M	-360.1M	375,000,000	Mass extinction (2/3 of species)
2/27	58	-360.1M	-337.8M	350,000,000	Amphibians reach land
3/4	63	-261.5M	-245.3M	251,900,000	Mass extinction (90% of species)
3/5	64	-245.3M	-230.1M	233,000,000	Stem mammals, dinosaurs, reptiles, conifers, insects
3/8	67	-202.5M	-189.9M	201,300,000	Mass extinction (2/3 of species)
				200,000,000	Warm blooded stem mammals
3/10	69	-178.2M	-167.1M	178,000,000	True mammals (fur, REM sleep)
3/14	73	-137.9M	-129.4M	135,000,000	Flowers
3/25	84	-68.25M	-64.02M	66,000,000	Mass extinction by asteroid (3/4 of species)
3/28	87	-56.33M	-52.84M	55,000,000	Primates
4/9	99	-26.14M	-24.52M	25,200,000	Apes (and vowel sounds)
4/19	109	-13.79M	-12.93M	13,000,000	Hominids (Pierolapithecus catalaunicus and Nyanzapithecus alesi)
4/29	119	-7.272M	-6.822M	7,000,000	Hominims (Sahelanthropus,  Orrorin, Ardipithecus) – bipedal capability
5/7	127	-4.359M	-4.089M	4,200,000	Australopithecus spp. fully upright hominim
5/11	131	-3.374M	-3.165M	3,300,000	Stone tools
5/13	133	-2.969M	-2.785M	2,800,000	Human (human sp. – smaller and thinner molars)
5/19	139	-2.022M	-1.897M	2,000,000	Homo erectus – jawbone evidence of compassion for aged
5/23	143	-1.565M	-1.468M	1,500,000	Controlled fire
6/16	167	-335.7K	-314.8K	315,000	Homo sapiens
6/26	177	-176.2K	-165.2K	169,000	Fire-making tool
7/4	185	-104.9K	-98.26K	98,000	Sapiens-Neanderthal interbreeding
7/13	194	-58.15K	-54.43K	58,000	Tally marks (earliest notation) (Neanderthals)
7/16	197	-47.67K	-44.6K	46,000	Drugs (saliciylic acid and penicillium mold use by Neanderthals)
7/17	198	-44.6K	-41.72K	42,000	Figurative painting – therianthrope hunting scene
7/18	199	-41.72K	-39.02K	40,000	Musical instruments (bone and ivory flutes)
7/19	200	-39.02K	-36.48K	38,000	Language
7/28	209	-21.11K	-19.69K	21,000	Domesticated dogs
8/4	216	-12.81K	-11.9K	12,400	Baked bread
8/12	224	-6917	-6370	6500	Metal mining (copper for projectiles)
8/19	231	-3731	-3381	3400	Wheeled wagons
8/20	232	-3381	-3053	3300	Numeral systems
				3200	Writing (cuneiform/hieroglyphics)
8/25	237	-1931.275	-1692.688	1850	Alphabetic script
8/30	242	-876.716	-703.163	750	Homer’s Iliad
9/1	244	-540.303	-387.473	508	Democracy (Greece)
9/5	248	16.866	135.42	31AD	Christianity
9/9	252	449.155	541.171	476	Fall of Rome
9/11	254	627.546	708.632	632	Death of Mohammed
9/20	263	1202.241	1248.274	1215	Magna Carta
9/21	264	1248.274	1291.516	1283	Mechanical clock
9/23	266	1332.141	1370.311	1346	Black Death
10/1	274	1580.412	1603.694	1601	Hamlet
10/4	277	1646.2	1665.591	1656	Pendulum clock
10/6	279	1683.842	1701.025	1687	Newton’s Principia
10/10	283	1746.8	1760.329	1759	John Harrison develops his most accurate sea clock – H4 – in pursuit of the elusive Longitude Prize
10/11	284	1760.329	1773.082	1769	Watt’s steam engine
				1770	James Hargreaves invents spinning jenny
10/12	285	1773.082	1785.107	1776	Adam Smith’s Wealth of Nations
10/21	294	1859.955	1867.154	1865	Maxwell proposes theory of electromagnetic radiation to explain electricity, magnetism and light (foundation of quantum physics)
10/22	295	1867.154	1873.969	1867	Karl Marx publishes Das Kapital on the theory that capitalism exploits labor
10/23	296	1873.969	1880.424	1879	Building on the work of at least 30 others, Thomas Edison is credited with inventing electric lightbulb (for bamboo filament that lasts 40 hours)
10/26	299	1892.34	1897.843	1893	New Zealand is democracy to grant women the right to vote
10/28	301	1903.066	1908.028	1903	Wright Brothers achieve heavier-than-air flight
10/30	303	1912.744	1917.23	1915	Einstein proposes theory of general relativity
11/8	312	1946.367	1949.327	1947	invention of the transistor (Bell Labs, USA, 1948) → transistor radios by 1950s; integrated circuits by 1959; microprocessors by 1970; consumer electronics
11/10	314	1952.165	1954.89	1953	Watson, Crick, and Franklin figure out molecular structure of DNA
11/17	321	1969.212	1971.314	1969	Neil Armstrong becomes first person to reach the moon
11/20	324	1975.318	1977.228	1975	First PC – the Altair 8800
11/22	326	1979.081	1980.882	1979	Standard Model complete; combines quantum mechanics with special relativity
11/28	332	1989.199	1990.744	1989	Tim Berners-Lee invents World Wide Web
12/6	340	2000.724	2002.051	2001	Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger launch Wikipedia
12/15	349	2012.033	2013.217	2012	Higgs boson observed, validating Standard Model of particle physics
				2012	CRISPR-Cas9 invented independently by Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer Doudna, and MIT’s Broad Institute
12/18	352	2015.551	2016.703	2016	AlphaGo beats world champion Lee Sedol, move 37 presages  dominance of AI over human creativity and thought
12/22	356	2020.104	2021.222	2020	AlphaFold (derived from AlphaGo) solves protein solving problem
12/24	358	2022.332	2023.435	2022	ChatCPT
12/25	359	2023.435	2024.532	2023	AI tool GNoME finds 2.2 million new crystals, including 380,000 stable materials that could power future technologies
					Alphafold 3: https://blog.google/technology/ai/google-deepmind-isomorphic-alphafold-3-ai-model/
12/26	360	2024.532	2025.623
12/27	361	2025.623	2026.708
12/28	362	2026.708	2027.788
12/29	363	2027.788	2028.864
12/30	364	2028.864	2029.934
12/31	365	2029.934	2031

And then here is the overall table.. The basis for this chronology is https://www.southampton.ac.uk/~cpd/history.html by C. Patrick Doncaster, who identified himself as one of the 7,968,828,910 as of 5/10/23.   Given the similarity of our goals, I hope he doesn’t mind, but I’ve already made many changes and will certainly make more, as this continues to be a work in progress. 

1/1	1	a8	-13.80B	-12.94B	13,800,000,000	Big Bang
					13,700,621,000	Hydrogen; beginning of Universe’s dark age
					13,550,000,000	Stars and Galaxies and beginning of end of dark age
					13,000,000,000	Milky Way; ending of dark age
1/2	2	b8	-12.94B	-12.14B	12,200,000,000	Water
1/3	3	c8	-12.14B	-11.39B
1/4	4	d8	-11.39B	-10.68B	11,200,000,000	First observed exoplanet system, ( HD 130322)
					11,000,000,000	Explosion of red supergiant star (500x size of sun) over the course of 3-4 days (captured by Hubble, pictures available)
					10,800,000,000	Formation of the Gliese 581 planetary system: Gliese 581c, the first observed ocean planet and Gliese 581d, a super-Earth planet, possibly the first observed habitable planets, form. Gliese 581d has more potential for forming life since it is the first exoplanet of terrestrial mass proposed that orbits within the habitable zone of its parent star.
1/5	5	e8	-10.68B	-10.02B
1/6	6	f8	-10.02B	-9.401B	10,000,000,000	Milky Way absorbs Gaia, to take its present form
1/7	7	g8	-9.401B	-8.819B
1/8	8	h8	-8.819B	-8.272B
1/9	9	h7	-8.272B	-7.76B	8,170,000,000	Peak star formation; possible emergence of life
1/10	10	g7	-7.76B	-7.279B
1/11	11	f7	-7.279B	-6.828B
1/12	12	e7	-6.828B	-6.405B
1/13	13	d7	-6.405B	-6.008B
1/14	14	c7	-6.008B	-5.636B
1/15	15	b7	-5.636B	-5.287B
1/16	16	a7	-5.287B	-4.959B
1/17	17	a6	-4.959B	-4.652B
1/18	18	b6	-4.652B	-4.363B	4,570,000,000	Sun
					4,540,000,000	Proto-Earth and Theia
					4,510,000,000	Moon
					4,500,000,000	Earth as we know it
					4,400,000,000	Oceans
					4,400,000,000	Crust subduction
1/19	19	c6	-4.363B	-4.093B	4,300,000,000	RNA
1/20	20	d6	-4.093B	-3.839B	4,000,000,000	Prokaryotes
1/21	21	e6	-3.839B	-3.602B
1/22	22	f6	-3.602B	-3.378B	3,500,000,000	Photosynthesis
					3,400,000,000	Oxygen
1/23	23	g6	-3.378B	-3.169B	3,200,000,000	Continents
1/24	24	h6	-3.169B	-2.973B
1/25	25	h5	-2.973B	-2.788B
1/26	26	g5	-2.788B	-2.616B
1/27	27	f5	-2.616B	-2.454B
1/28	28	e5	-2.454B	-2.302B	2,330,000,000	Great Oxygenation Event
1/29	29	d5	-2.302B	-2.159B
1/30	30	c5	-2.159B	-2.025B	2,100,000,000	Multicellular life
1/31	31	b5	-2.025B	-1.9B
2/1	32	a5	-1.9B	-1.782B
2/2	33	a4	-1.782B	-1.672B	1,700,000,000	Eukaryotes
2/3	34	b4	-1.672B	-1.568B
2/4	35	c4	-1.568B	-1.471B
2/5	36	d4	-1.471B	-1.38B
2/6	37	e4	-1.38B	-1.294B
2/7	38	f4	-1.294B	-1.214B
2/8	39	g4	-1.214B	-1.139B
2/9	40	h4	-1.139B	-1.068B
2/10	41	h3	-1.068B	-1.002B
2/11	42	g3	-1.002B	-939.9M	1,000,000,000	Fungi
2/12	43	f3	-939.9M	-881.7M	890,000,000	Metazoa (sponges)
2/13	44	e3	-881.7M	-827.1M
2/14	45	d3	-827.1M	-775.8M
2/15	46	c3	-775.8M	-727.7M
2/16	47	b3	-727.7M	-682.6M	700,000,000	Neoproterozoic Oxygenation Event
2/17	48	a3	-682.6M	-640.3M
2/18	49	a2	-640.3M	-600.7M	635,000,000	Sleep cycle
2/19	50	b2	-600.7M	-563.4M
2/20	51	c2	-563.4M	-528.5M	550,000,000	Bilaterians (animals with left-right symmetry)
					540,000,000	Cambrian Explosion
					535,000,000	Chordates
2/21	52	d2	-528.5M	-495.8M	520,000,000	Eyes
					500,000,000	Land plants
2/22	53	e2	-495.8M	-465.1M	488,300,000	?
					480,000,000	Mineralized skeletons, armour, and scales
2/23	54	f2	-465.1M	-436.2M	445,000,000	Mass extinction (3/4 of species)
2/24	55	g2	-436.2M	-409.2M	420,000,000	Yawning
2/25	56	h2	-409.2M	-383.9M	407,000,000	Sound production
					407,000,000	Woody plants
					394,000,000	Limbs for fins
					385,000,000	Forests
2/26	57	h1	-383.9M	-360.1M	380,000,000	Multichambered heart
					375,000,000	Mass extinction (2/3 of species)
2/27	58	g1	-360.1M	-337.8M	350,000,000	Amphibians reach land
					340,000,000	Fully terrestrial tetrapods
2/28	59	f1	-337.8M	-316.8M
3/1	60	e1	-316.8M	-297.2M
3/2	61	d1	-297.2M	-278.8M
3/3	62	c1	-278.8M	-261.5M
3/4	63	b1	-261.5M	-245.3M	251,900,000	Mass extinction (90% of species)
3/5	64	a1	-245.3M	-230.1M	233,000,000	Stem mammals, dinosaurs, reptiles, conifers, insects
3/6	65		-230.1M	-215.8M
3/7	66		-215.8M	-202.5M
3/8	67		-202.5M	-189.9M	201,300,000	Mass extinction (2/3 of species)
					200,000,000	Warm blooded stem mammals
3/9	68		-189.9M	-178.2M
3/10	69		-178.2M	-167.1M	178,000,000	True mammals (fur, REM sleep)
3/11	70		-167.1M	-156.8M
3/12	71		-156.8M	-147M
3/13	72		-147M	-137.9M
3/14	73		-137.9M	-129.4M	135,000,000	Flowers
3/15	74		-129.4M	-121.4M
3/16	75		-121.4M	-113.9M
3/17	76		-113.9M	-106.8M
3/18	77		-106.8M	-100.2M
3/19	78		-100.2M	-93.97M
3/20	79		-93.97M	-88.15M	90,000,000	Parasites
3/21	80		-88.15M	-82.69M
3/22	81		-82.69M	-77.56M
3/23	82		-77.56M	-72.76M
3/24	83		-72.76M	-68.25M
3/25	84		-68.25M	-64.02M	66,000,000	Mass extinction by asteroid (3/4 of species)
3/26	85		-64.02M	-60.05M
3/27	86		-60.05M	-56.33M
3/28	87		-56.33M	-52.84M	55,000,000	Primates
3/29	88		-52.84M	-49.57M
3/30	89		-49.57M	-46.49M
3/31	90		-46.49M	-43.61M	44,000,000	Opposable thumbs, color vision etc begin to develop in old world primates
4/1	91		-43.61M	-40.91M
4/2	92		-40.91M	-38.38M
4/3	93		-38.38M	-36.0M
4/4	94		-36.0M	-33.77M
4/5	95		-33.77M	-31.67M
4/6	96		-31.67M	-29.71M
4/7	97		-29.71M	-27.87M
4/8	98		-27.87M	-26.14M
4/9	99		-26.14M	-24.52M	25,200,000	Apes (and vowel sounds)
4/10	100		-24.52M	-23.0M
4/11	101		-23.0M	-21.58M
4/12	102		-21.58M	-20.24M
4/13	103		-20.24M	-18.99M
4/14	104		-18.99M	-17.81M
4/15	105		-17.81M	-16.71M	16,800,000	Great apes (communication by drumming, etc)
4/16	106		-16.71M	-15.67M
4/17	107		-15.67M	-14.7M
4/18	108		-14.7M	-13.79M
4/19	109		-13.79M	-12.93M	13,000,000	Hominids (Pierolapithecus catalaunicus and Nyanzapithecus alesi)
4/20	110		-12.93M	-12.13M
4/21	111		-12.13M	-11.38M
4/22	112		-11.38M	-10.68M
4/23	113		-10.68M	-10.01M
4/24	114		-10.01M	-9.393M
4/25	115		-9.393M	-8.811M
4/26	116		-8.811M	-8.265M
4/27	117		-8.265M	-7.753M
4/28	118		-7.753M	-7.272M
4/29	119		-7.272M	-6.822M	7,000,000	Hominims (Sahelanthropus,  Orrorin, Ardipithecus) – bipedal capability
4/30	120		-6.822M	-6.399M
5/1	121		-6.399M	-6.002M
5/2	122		-6.002M	-5.63M
5/3	123		-5.63M	-5.281M
5/4	124		-5.281M	-4.954M
5/5	125		-4.954M	-4.647M
5/6	126		-4.647M	-4.359M
5/7	127		-4.359M	-4.089M	4,200,000	Australopithecus spp. fully upright hominim
5/8	128		-4.089M	-3.835M
5/9	129		-3.835M	-3.597M
5/10	130		-3.597M	-3.374M
5/11	131		-3.374M	-3.165M	3,300,000	Stone tools
5/12	132		-3.165M	-2.969M
5/13	133		-2.969M	-2.785M	2,800,000	Human (human sp. – smaller and thinner molars)
5/14	134		-2.785M	-2.612M
5/15	135		-2.612M	-2.45M	2,600,000	Marrow-eating
					2,600,000	Oldowan chopping tool
					2,588,000	Supernova blast may cause outset of current geological period (quaternary glaciation)
5/16	136		-2.45M	-2.298M	2,400,000	Cleaving tools
5/17	137		-2.298M	-2.156M
5/18	138		-2.156M	-2.022M	2,120,000	Hominins in China
5/19	139		-2.022M	-1.897M	2,000,000	Homo erectus – jawbone evidence of compassion for aged
5/20	140		-1.897M	-1.779M	1,800,000	Homo erectus in Eurasia
5/21	141		-1.779M	-1.669M	1,700,000	Stone handaxes
5/22	142		-1.669M	-1.565M
5/23	143		-1.565M	-1.468M	1,500,000	Controlled fire
					1,500,000	Alliances of unrelated males in social groups
5/24	144		-1.468M	-1.377M	1,400,000	Organic handaxe (hippo bone)
5/25	145		-1.377M	-1.292M
5/26	146		-1.292M	-1.211M
5/27	147		-1.211M	-1.136M
5/28	148		-1.136M	-1.066M
5/29	149		-1.066M	-999.5K
5/30	150		-999.5K	-937.5K
5/31	151		-937.5K	-879.3K	900,000	Flint scrapers
6/1	152		-879.3K	-824.7K
6/2	153		-824.7K	-773.5K	800,000	Cannibalism
					780,000	Cooked food
6/3	154		-773.5K	-725.4K
6/4	155		-725.4K	-680.4K	700,000	Homo floresiensis (appears on Flores)
						Homo heidelbergensis in Africa and Europe (possible ancestor to sapiens and neanderthals)
6/5	156		-680.4K	-638.1K
6/6	157		-638.1K	-598.4K
6/7	158		-598.4K	-561.2K
6/8	159		-561.2K	-526.4K
6/9	160		-526.4K	-493.6K	500,000	Abstract markings – engraving on shell
					500,000	Stone-tipped spears
6/10	161		-493.6K	-462.9K
6/11	162		-462.9K	-434.1K	450,000	Neanderthals
6/12	163		-434.1K	-407.1K	430,000	Denisovans
6/13	164		-407.1K	-381.8K	400,000	Food storage
6/14	165		-381.8K	-358.0K
6/15	166		-358.0K	-335.7K
6/16	167		-335.7K	-314.8K	320,000	Long distance trade (?)
					315,000	Homo sapiens
6/17	168		-314.8K	-295.2K	300,000	Large herbivore hunting
6/18	169		-295.2K	-276.8K
6/19	170		-276.8K	-259.5K
6/20	171		-259.5K	-243.3K	250,000	Homo Heidelbergensis goes extinct
6/21	172		-243.3K	-228.1K
6/22	173		-228.1K	-213.9K
6/23	174		-213.9K	-200.5K	210,000	Homo sapiens in Asia
6/24	175		-200.5K	-188K	200,000	Adhesive use (birch tar)
6/25	176		-188K	-176.2K
6/26	177		-176.2K	-165.2K	174,000	Underground edifices
					169,000	Fire-making tool
					168,000	Clothing
6/27	178		-165.2K	-154.8K	158,000	Coastal shellfish harvesting
6/28	179		-154.8K	-145.1K
6/29	180		-145.1K	-136K	140,000	Symbolic ornaments for wearing
6/30	181		-136K	-127.5K
7/1	182		-127.5K	-119.4K	123,000	Large-group (100+) living and working
					121,000	Burial of the dead
7/2	183		-119.4K	-111.9K
7/3	184		-111.9K	-104.9K	108,000	Homo erectus goes extinct
7/4	185		-104.9K	-98.26K	103,000	Hoarding of non-useful objects (crystal, ostrich eggshell pieces)
					98,000	Sapiens-Neanderthal interbreeding
					98,000	Toolkit for mixing pigments
					98,000	Etchings on rock (cross-hash decorations or symbols)
7/5	186		-98.26K	-92.06K
7/6	187		-92.06K	-86.24K	88,000	Bone harpoons
					88,000	Neanderthal large scale fishing (sharks, dolphins, seals)
7/7	188		-86.24K	-80.78K
7/8	189		-80.78K	-75.66K	76,000	Symbolic human burial (homo sapiens)
					75,000	Bedding with insecticidal leaves
7/9	190		-75.66K	-70.85K	73,000	Fashion jewelry (different styles of threaded shell beads)
					71,000	Drawing (criss-crossed line with red ochre crayon)
7/10	191		-70.85K	-66.35K	69,000	Head treatment of darts or arrows
					68,000	Cooking with bitter and astringent tastes (Neanderthals)
7/11	192		-66.35K	-62.12K	63,000	Colonization of Australia (presupposes boats)
					62,800	Symbolic cave paintings (Neanderthals)
7/12	193		-62.12K	-58.15K	59,700	Bow and arrow
7/13	194		-58.15K	-54.43K	58,000	Tally marks (earliest notation) (Neanderthals)
					58,000	Homo sapiens spread from Africa to Eurasia
7/14	195		-54.43K	-50.94K	52,000	Homo sapiens in Western Europe
7/15	196		-50.94K	-47.67K	49,000	Deer-bone art (Neanderthals)
					48,000	String (three-plied bark fibers)
					48,000	Eyed needle (Denisovans)
					48,000	Use of flint axes with pyrite for starting fires
7/16	197		-47.67K	-44.6K	46,000	Drugs (saliciylic acid and penicillium mold use by Neanderthals)
7/17	198		-44.6K	-41.72K	44,000	Food processing (detoxifying yam)
					43,500	Representational art (warty pigs)
					42,000	Figurative painting – therianthrope hunting scene
7/18	199		-41.72K	-39.02K	40,000	Musical instruments (bone and ivory flutes)
					40,000	Fish-hooks (from broken shells)
					39,500	Extinction event: 500-year reversal of Earth’s magnetic poles
7/19	200		-39.02K	-36.48K	38,000	Neanderthals go extinct
					38,000	Solid footware
					38,000	Language
					38,000	Figurative sculpture
					38,000	Hand stencil (image of human form)
7/20	201		-36.48K	-34.11K
7/21	202		-34.11K	-31.88K	33,000	Cave art animation
					33,000	Fully human sculpture (mammoth-ivory Venus)
7/22	203		-31.88K	-29.78K	30,600	Flour
					30,000	Humans spread to Americas (possible start date; could be as late as 21,000 years ago)
7/23	204		-29.78K	-27.82K	29,000	Surgical amputation
					28,000	Woven fabrics
7/24	205		-27.82K	-25.98K	27,500	Stone statuette (limestone Venus)
					27,000	Fishing net sinkers
7/25	206		-25.98K	-24.25K
7/26	207		-24.25K	-22.63K	23,000	Coronavirus epidemic gives rise to genetic adaptations
7/27	208		-22.63K	-21.11K
7/28	209		-21.11K	-19.69K	21,000	Poison arrows
					21,000	Huts with sealed floors and grass bedding
					21,000	Domesticated dogs
7/29	210		-19.69K	-18.35K
7/30	211		-18.35K	-17.1K	18,000	Pottery vessels
					18,000	Major sea level rise from glaciation
7/31	212		-17.1K	-15.92K	17,000	Early modern humans across Eurasia go extinct
8/1	213		-15.92K	-14.82K
8/2	214		-14.82K	-13.78K
8/3	215		-13.78K	-12.81K	13,000	Denisovans go extinct
					13,000	Humans bring dogs to Americas (but see entry re 32,000 above)
					13,000	Humans arrive in South America
					13,000	House mice
					13,000	Depiction of stringed instrument
					13,000	Thaumatrope
8/4	216		-12.81K	-11.9K	12,400	Baked bread
					12,000	Lime plaster for hafting
8/5	217		-11.9K	-11.04K	11,400	War (first Large-scale Inter-communal violence)
8/6	218		-11.04K	-10.24K	10,800	Younger Dryas drives climate shift
					10,300	Tobacco use (in south America)
8/7	219		-10.24K	-9489	10,000	Cannabis domestication (not clear if for hemp and high yet; both by 3000)
					10,000	Wooly mammoths and other megafauna begin to go extinct (apparently there was at least one still alive in 1750 BC)
					9,700	Start of Holocene Epoch
					9,600	Monumental ritual art (larchwood plank carved with human forms and signs)
					9500	Wild barley and oats cultivation
					9500	Monumental temple (Göbekli Tepe); possible beer
					9500	Brick architecture
8/8	220		-9489	-8783	9000	Jericho (earliest continuous settlement; 3000 people)
					9000	Story-telling record – extended narrative scene
8/9	221		-8783	-8121	8400	Goats and sheep domesticated
8/10	222		-8121	-7500	8000	Withdrawal of continental ice sheets from Northern Europe and North America
					8000	Cattle domesticated
					8000	Cats domesticated
					8000	Wheat cultivated
					8000	Bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) domesticated
					8000	Dance (engravings as earliest record )
8/11	223		-7500	-6917	7200	Large scale representation of human forms – 1 meter tall limestone statues
					7000	Big game hunting by women along with men
					7000	Potato domesticated
					7000	Pigs domesticated
					7000	Transeurasian languages
8/12	224		-6917	-6370	6500	Metal mining (copper for projectiles)
					6500	Cattle used for milk and cheese
8/13	225		-6370	-5857	6000	Rice domesticated
					6000	Honey foraged (earliest record = painting)
					5900	Grape wine
					5900	Copper age begins
8/14	226		-5857	-5376	5800	Cotton cultivated
					5600	Poppies cultivated for opium
					5500	Great Flood of Black Sea from Mediterranean
					5500	Salt production
					5480	Abnormally large influx of cosmic rays from Sun
8/15	227		-5376	-4925	5200	Bitumen use for waterproofing boats
					5200	Seaborne trading networks (masts and sails)
					5100	Ritual landscape of large-scale mustatil monuments
					5050	Mummification
					5000	Subject-verb syntax
					5000	Sugar cane cultivated
					5000	Bananas domesticated
					5000	Tobacco domesticated
					5000	Donkeys domesticated
8/16	228		-4925	-4501	4800	Artistic representation of introspection – thinker and sitting woman figurines
8/17	229		-4501	-4104	4200	Wheel (for pottery)
					4200	Maize domesticated
8/18	230		-4104	-3731	4000	Chili pepper domesticated
					4000	Indigo blue dye for fabrics
					4000	Folktale
					4000	Boardgames
8/19	231		-3731	-3381	3600	Engineering for water delivery and storage
					3500	Plough
					3500	Horses domesticated
					3400	Wheeled wagons
8/20	232		-3381	-3053	3300	Bronze age begins
					3300	Cacao trees cultivated
					3300	Numeral systems
					3200	Writing (cuneiform/hieroglyphics)
					3150	Organic medicine
					3100	Plague
					3100
					3100	Government (Uruk had 30K)
8/21	233		-3053	-2745	3050	Standard weights and measures
					3000	Herpes HSV-1 virus appears
					3000	Oil of [?] palm cultivated
					3000	Glass synthesis (for beads)
					3000	Metal swords
					3000	Solar calendar year of 365 days
					2800	Global population passes 50M
8/22	234		-2745	-2456.569	2650	Months and hours used
					2650	Magnetic compass
					2650	Tax on wildlife exploitation
					2650	Massive stone monuments (Djoser pyramid in Saqqare Egypt, pyramid at Caral Supe, and Stonehenge)
					2550	Dictionary
					2550	Papyrus writing
					2550	Great Pyramid of Giza
					2500	Locks on doors
					2500	Hybrid animals produced by animal husbandry
8/23	235		-2456.569	-2185.557	2350	Government reforms
					2340	Emperor (Sargon the Great)
					2300	Mechanical pump
					2300	Marriage records
8/24	236		-2185.557	-1931.275	2100	Law Code (of Ur Nammu)
					2030	Poetry
					2000	Last mammoth population extinguished
					2000	Coal as fuel
					2000	Abacus
8/25	237		-1931.275	-1692.688	1900	3-D Map
					1900	7-day week
					1850	Alphabetic script
					1850	Architectural arch
					1825	Contraception
					1800	Complex societies
					1800	Iron mining and extraction
					1800	Gilgamesh epic
					1750	Property insurance
					1750	Tea cultivation
8/26	238		-1692.688	-1468.823	1650	Chickens domesticated
					1650	Latex harvested for balls and figurines
					1650	Team sports
					1650	High-fired ceramics
					1650	Stencils for geometry
					1630	Planetary observations
					1550	Use of fractions and geometry
					1520	Timepiece (water clock)
					1500	Depiction of joyful ordinary people
8/27	239		-1468.823	-1258.768	1400	Colonization of Mariana archipelago
					1330	Depiction of mutual affection (Neferti holds Akhenaten’s hand
					1300	Notated music
8/28	240		-1258.768	-1061.666	1200	Seagoing trade by Phoenicians
					1180	Start of 300-year drought and Greek dark ages
					1100	Steel
8/29	241		-1061.666	-876.716	1050	Iron Age begins
					1000	Hydraulic plaster
					1000	Depiction of cosmos
					950	Jewish Temple
					900	Center of higher learning
					900	Prediction of lunar eclipse
					900	Currency – cowrie shells as money
8/30	242		-876.716	-703.163	820	Professional army
					776	Olympic Games
					750	Homer’s Iliad
8/31	243		-703.163	-540.303	700	Fake letter by Gilgamesh
					700	Archimedes screw (400 years before Archimedes)
					650	Library of scholarly texts
					630	Coinage
					600	Circumnavigation of Africa
					550	Cartography (map of known world by Anaximander)
					550	Persia becomes an empire; tolerant of others’ faiths
					550	Medical school (training in surgery and anatomy)
					550	Professional Police
9/1	244		-540.303	-387.473	508	Democracy (Greece)
					500	Navigable canal
					500	Cannabis use as psychoactive
					450	Cast iron artefacts
					450	360 degree zodiac (leads to longitudes of planets)
					450 ??	Confucianism (sayings first collected) (note that Confucianism is essentially humanistic like Humanity64 and there is currently a Confucian Revival in China and an opportunity for bridge building, although Confucianism as a whole may not be compatible with democracy)
					450	Hebrew Bible
					400??	Buddhism (Nirvana, the 8-fold path, and the 4 truths)
9/2	245		-387.473	-244.05	375	Plato’s Republic (Inquiry into justice and virtue)
					375	Inquiry into enlightenment as discomforting experience of layered reality
					365	Ganymede (Jupiter’s moon) first possibly spotted
					350	Babylonian Astronomers use geometry to calculate displacement of Jupiter
					350	Aristotle’s Organon — Study of Logic
					350	Aristotle’s Rhetoric
					350	Aristotle’s Politics
						Alexander the Great’s Conquests
					320	Taoism
					300	Appropriation of history to glorify present (Alexander coins 25 years after his death)
					300	Domesticated chicken expand out of East Asia
					300	Euclidean Geometry
					280	Aristarchus proposes first heliocentric solar system
					250	Archimedes introduces algorithm to estimate pi
					250	Eratosthenes accurately estimates circumference, diameter, and tilt of Earth
					250	Watermills first described by Philo of Byzantium
9/3	246		-244.05	-109.453	220	Qin unifies China and reroutes and  adds to Great Wall, costing hundreds of thousands of lives in the building
					200	Hinduism
					200	Seed drills
						Hipparchus invents Astrolabe (date and inventor not certain, might have been Apollonius of Perga)
					130	Hipparchus creates star map
9/4	247		-109.453	16.866	100	Antikythera
					100	Decimals (?)
					100	Silk Roads established (begun 114BC)
					50BC	Roman Empire Begins
					29BC	Virgil publishes Georgics
9/5	248		16.866	135.42	31AD	Christianity
					77	Encyclopedia (Pliny the Elder)
					100
					100	Paper for writing
					100
					132	Seismoscope for earthquake detection over distances
9/6	249		135.42	246.69	150	Astrolabe (again; see Hipparchus)
					150	Industrial complex (of watermills, producing 25 tons/day hardtack biscuits)
9/7	250		246.69	351.127	290	Natural gas used for boiling brine and lighting
					290	Mineral oil as lubricant and sealant
					300	Eastern Roman Empire overwhelmed
9/8	251		351.127	449.155	357	Zero
9/9	252		449.155	541.171	476	Fall of Rome
					532	Dionysius Exiguus invents A.D.
					536	Bubonic plague and volcanic eruptions lead to century of economic stagnation
9/10	253		541.171	627.546	550	Block printing
					620	Antarctica discovered
9/11	254		627.546	708.632	632	Death of Mohammed (on June 8, of all days)
9/12	255		708.632	784.755	754	Papal States established
9/13	256		784.755	856.223	841	Statistical inference
9/14	257		856.223	923.325	874	Iceland
					900	Windmills
9/15	258		923.325	986.331	985	Greenland
9/16	259		986.331	1045.495	1000	Al Biruni divides hour into minutes, minutes into seconds
					1021	Al Hazen invents Camera Obscura
					1044	Formula for gunpowder known in China
9/17	260		1045.495	1101.054	1055	First hospice
					1060	First Crusade
9/18	261		1101.054	1153.233	1120	Paper money
9/19	262		1153.233	1202.241
9/20	263		1202.241	1248.274	1206	Rise of Mongol Empire
					1215	Magna Carta
9/21	264		1248.274	1291.516	1283	Mechanical clock
					1286	Eyeglasses
9/22	265		1291.516	1332.141	1300	Little Ice Age begins
9/23	266		1332.141	1370.311	1337	Mansa Musa gets richer
					1346	Black Death
					1350	Cultivation of Coffee
9/24	267		1370.311	1406.177	1397	First Bank (Medicis)
					1400	Renaissance begins
9/25	268		1406.177	1439.883	1418	Perspective painting
					1438	Inca expansion
9/26	269		1439.883	1471.563	1440	Gutenberg printing press
9/27	270		1471.563	1501.341	1492	Columbus discovers caribbean islands
					1498	Vasco Da Gama reaches India
					1500	Da Vinci and Michelangelo begin Western art
9/28	271		1501.341	1529.336	1516	More’s Utopia
					1517	Reformation
					1522	Magellan circumnavigates the globe
					1526	Atlantic slave trade begins
9/29	272		1529.336	1555.659	1542	World population passes 500 million
					1543	Copernican theory
9/30	273		1555.659	1580.412
10/1	274		1580.412	1603.694	1582	Gregorian calendar
					1582	First entreprenuerial newspapers
					1601	Hamlet
10/2	275		1603.694	1625.594	1605	Don Quixote – first modern novel
					1608	Refracting telescope
					1609	Compound microscope
					1610	Galileo observes Jupiter’s moons
					1612	Universal clock based on orbits of Jupiter’s moons
					1616	Ben Jonson publishes a 575-page Folio of his works, prompting Shakespeare’s colleagues to collect Shakespeare’s works and publish a Folio in 1623.
					1619	Kepler figures out distances of planets from the Sun, relative to Earth’s
					1621	Medical treatise on mental health
					1628	First graph of distributed observations
10/3	276		1625.594	1646.2	1632	Galileo – laws of nature apply equally to any frame of reference in constant linear motion regardless of speed
					1637	Descartes proposed that truth is product of reason
					1642	Pascal creates Pascaline calculator that adds and subtracts
10/4	277		1646.2	1665.591	1656	Pendulum clock
					1661	Thomas Bartholin experiments with desalination by freezing
					1665	Robert Hooke identifies organismal cells
					1665	Newton identifies gravity as universal force
					1665	Concept and measurement of GDP
10/5	278		1665.591	1683.842	1669	Rembrandt’s Return of the Prodigal Son illustrates unconditional forgiveness
					1676	Leeuwenhoek discovers single celled organismss
					1676	Ole Rømer calculates speed of light
10/6	279		1683.842	1701.025	1687	Newton’s Principia
					1690	Dodo goes extinct
					1698	Savery water-pumping steam engine
10/7	280		1701.025	1717.204	1712	Newcomen atmospheric (steam) engine
10/8	281		1717.204	1732.443
10/9	282		1732.443	1746.8	1735	Linnaeus catalogs organisms into genera and species
10/10	283		1746.8	1760.329	1759	John Harrison develops his most accurate sea clock – H4 – in pursuit of the elusive Longitude Prize
10/11	284		1760.329	1773.082	1761	First observed transit of Venus across Sun
					1769	Watt’s steam engine
					1770	James Hargreaves invents spinning jenny
10/12	285		1773.082	1785.107	1773	Lavoisier declares law of conservation of mass
					1774	Vaccination by Jesy and then Jenner (1798)
					1776	US Declaration of Independence
					1776	Adam Smith’s Wealth of Nations
					1778	First national nature reserve (Bogd Khan Uul, Mongolia, 1778)
					1780
					1781	Immanuel Kant postulates inherent limits on powers of reason
					1783	First hot air balloon (and first flight) with human pilot
					1784	John Michell postulates black holes
10/13	286		1785.107	1796.448	1789	French Revolution spreads Republicanism
					1792	Mary Wollstonecraft publishes A Vindication of the Rights of Woman
10/14	287		1796.448	1807.149	1798	Henry Cavendish calculates Earth’s density with a torsion balance
					1798	Thomas Malthus anonymously publishes An Essay on the Principle of Population.
					1800	Alessandro Volta makes first electochemical battery
10/15	288		1807.149	1817.248	1807	Alexander von Humboldt and others lay foundation for science of biogeography
					1808	John Dalton proposes atomic theory including relative weights for atoms
10/16	289		1817.248	1826.784	1817	Karl von Drais invents bicycle
					1821	Faraday demonostrates electromagnetic rotary device
					1822	Joseph Fourier predicts Greenhouse Effect
					1825	George Stephenson introduces first public railway for steam locomotives
					1826	Beethoven publishes string quartet no. 14 in C-sharp
10/17	290		1826.784	1835.79	1827	Nicéphore Niépce takes first permanent photograph
					1834	Charles Babbage invents Analytical Engine
10/18	291		1835.79	1844.301	1838	First scheduled transatlantic steamship (Great Western)
10/19	292		1844.301	1852.346	1846	Thomas Thomson uses quinine as a malaria prophylaxis
					1848	Lord Kelvin develops scale of absolute temperature
					1850	Lord Kelvin and Rudolf Clausius develop laws of thermodynamics (conservation of energy and gain of entropy)
					1850	Industrial processing of flour and sugar; development of feedlots to fatten cattle
10/20	293		1852.346	1859.955	1856	James Harrison invents practical compression refrigerator
					1859	Gaston Plante invents first rechargeable battery (lead-acid cell)
					1859	Darwin proposes theory of evolution
					1859	Florence Nightgale publishes “Notes on Nursing”
10/21	294		1859.955	1867.154	1860	Jean Lenois begins factory production of internal combustion engines
					1860	Beginnings of Impressionism and Western modern art
					1865	Maxwell proposes theory of electromagnetic radiation to explain electricity, magnetism and light (foundation of quantum physics)
					1866	Gregor Mendel discovers the unitary nature of heritable traits (genes)
10/22	295		1867.154	1873.969	1867	Karl Marx publishes Das Kapital on the theory that capitalism exploits labor
10/23	296		1873.969	1880.424	1874	Cantor proposes multiple unequal infinities
					1876	Alexander Bell is credited with inventing telephone
					1877	Thomas Edison is credited with inventing phonograph
					1879	Building on the work of at least 30 others, Thomas Edison is credited with inventing electric lightbulb (for bamboo filament that lasts 40 hours)
10/24	297		1880.424	1886.541	1880	Allesandro Cruto creates a lightbulb with a graphite-platinum filament that lasts 500 hours
					1880	Bell and Tainter invent  photophone
					1882	Commercially viable coal-fired power stations in London and New York
					1881	Jacob Schoellkopf and  Niagara Falls Hydraulic Power & Manufacturing Company introduce first hydroelectric power station
					1884	Charles Fritts pioneers rooftop photovoltaic solar array
					1884	European powers rush to occupy Africa through colonial rule
					1886	Karl Benz introduces first car with internal combustion engine (of course, the idea was patented in 1895 by patent attorney George Seldon, who had applied for the patent in 1879 and sued the entire industry based on it)
10/25	298		1886.541	1892.34	1887	Albert Michelson and Edward Morley figure out that the speed of light doesn’t change if either the source or observer is moving
					1887	James Blyth introduces wind-powered turbine for producing electricity
					1890	UK, USA, and Australia have centralized sewage treatment plants
10/26	299		1892.34	1897.843	1893	New Zealand is democracy to grant women the right to vote (
					1895	Marconi send first wireless transmission via radio waves
					1895	Auguste Lumiere screens motion pictures
					1895	Wilhelm Röntgen discovers X-rays
					1896	Henri Becquerel discovers natural radioactivity
					1897	Joseph Thomson detects the electron (the first such subatomic, indivisible particle)
10/27	300		1897.843	1903.066	1899	Max Planck introduces natural units for length, time, mass, and temperature
					1900	Sigmund Freud proposes theory of the unconscious
					1900	Max Planck proposes that every physical body emits electromagnetic radiation
					1900	Max Planck proposes the photon in his theory of energy quanta
10/28	301		1903.066	1908.028	1903	Wright Brothers achieve heavier-than-air flight
					1904	Lord Kelvin quantifies dark matter
					1905	Albert Einstein proposes special relativity
					1905	Samuel Bens invents chainsaw
					1907	Henry Wilson grows human brain organoids in a petri dish
					1907	Leo Baekeland makes the first plastic — Bakelite
10/29	302		1908.028	1912.744	1908	Haber-Bosch process facilitates industrial scale synthesis of ammonia, leading to chemical fertilizers
					1908	Hermann Minkowski unifies 3D space with 1D time to create absolute spacetime
					1909	Robert Peary and Matthew Henson reach the North Pole
					1911	Ernest Rutherford discovers of the nucleus of atoms
					1912	Rainer Maria Rilke publishes Duino Elegies espousing inner commitment as life’s purpose
10/30	303		1912.744	1917.23	1913	Henry Ford introduces the assembly line
					1914	World War I begins
					1914	Panama Canal opens, connecting Atlantic and Pacific oceans
					1915	Marie Curie deploys X-ray units to treat over 1 million wounded soldiers
					1915	Einstein proposes theory of general relativity
10/31	304		1917.23	1921.499	1917	Communists take control of Russia
					1917	Marcel Duchamp converts a urinal into a sculpture
					1918	Spanish flu pandemic kills 50-100 million
					1918	Collapsing Russian and Ottoman Empires displace 1-2 million Russians and hundreds of thousands of Armenians, creating the first modern refugee crisis
					1919	Jagadish Chandra Bose demonstrates that plants have nervous mechanisms similar to those in animals
					1919	Arthur Eddington confirms prediction of theory of general relativity with  observations of starlight deflection during a Solar eclipse
					1919	PCGG of the Netherlands puts on the first commercial radio broadcasts
11/1	305		1921.499	1925.567	1921	Federick Banting and Charles Bes discover insulin
					1922	General Motors introduces leaded gas, killing millions
					1922	Alexander Friedmann predicts the expansion of the universe
					1923	Louis de Boglie proposes wave-particle duality
					1924	US Army circumnavigates world by plane
11/2	306		1925.567	1929.444	1926	John Logie Baird creates first working television system
					1926	League of Nations Convention to Suppress the Slave Trade and Slavery
					1927
					1927	Werner Heisenberg proposes the uncertainty principle
					1928	Paul Dirac proposes “positrons”
					1928	Irving Langmuir idenfties plasma as the fourth fundamental state of matter
					1928	Alexander Fleming isolates penicillin, the first antibiotic
11/3	307		1929.444	1933.143	1929	Great Depression starts
					1930	Wolfgang Pauli postulates neutrinos.
					1931	Kurt Gödel completes his incompleteness theorems
						Georges Lemaître proposes his primeval atom (aka Big Bang) theory based on Hubble’s observations and Einstein’s equations
					1932	James Chadwick discovers neutrons
					1933	John Maynard Keynes, UK proposes theory that government spending can stabilize the market economy
11/4	308		1933.143	1936.674	1934	Radar developed concurrently in several countries
					1935	Arthur Tansley proposes concept of ecosystem to describe interrelationsship between  organisms and environment
11/5	309		1936.674	1940.049	1938	Wallace Carothers (Dupont) invents first synethic textile fiber (nylon)
					1939	Germany pioneers turbojet powered aircraft (Heinkel He 178)
					1939	World War II (1939-45)
11/6	310		1940.049	1943.277	1941	Hedy Lamarr and George Antheil develop frequency-hopping radio communication
					1941	Konrad Zuse creates Z3, the first binary-logic digital programmable computer: Z3
					1942	Paul Müller discovers use of DDT as insecticide, leading to control of malaria (and Nobel Prize for Müller) but toxicity in food chains
11/7	311		1943.277	1946.367	1944	Tommy Flowers creates first electronic digital programmable computer: Colossus
					1945	US drops atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki
					1945	establishment of the United Nations (UN, 1945), with a mission to maintain international peace, security and cooperation, amongst societies with customs and tolerances adapted to distal ecological and historical contexts
					1945	first proposed electronic calculator (Alan Turing, UK, 1945) → modern stored-program computers
11/8	312		1946.367	1949.327	1947	first supersonic flight, in a rocket-powered aircraft (Chuck Yeager in Bell X-1, USA, 14/10/1947) → space exploration
					1948	invention of the transistor (Bell Labs, USA, 1948) → transistor radios by 1950s; integrated circuits by 1959; microprocessors by 1970; consumer electronics
					1948	Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UN, 10/12/1948): all human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights; everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person
11/9	313		1949.327	1952.165	1949	invention of the barcode (Norman Woodland and Bernard Silver, USA, 1949) → automation of product tracking
					1950	proof that smoking causes lung cancer (Richard Doll and Austin Bradford Hill, UK, 1950): tipping point to ultimate elimination of smoking sometime over 70 years later, delayed by lobbying
					1950	start of the Anthropocene Epoch, humans using 22×10²¹ joules of energy over the next 70 years, 1.5× more than all energy use during the previous 11,700 years: accelerating combustion of fossil fuels, their greenhouse gases trapping a further 10× more solar energy in the oceans
					1951	UN declares genocide a crime
11/10	314		1952.165	1954.89	1953	Watson, Crick, and Franklin figure out molecular structure of DNA
					1953	Hillary and Norgay climb Mount Everest
					1954	First Nuclear Power plant (in Obinsk USSR)
11/11	315		1954.89	1957.508	1955	Louis Essen and Jack Parry introduce atomic clock
					1956	Malcolm McLean pioneers standardized containers for shipping
					1956
					1957	Sputnik orbits the Earth
					1957	Stray dog Laika shot into space, where she dies
11/12	316		1957.508	1960.026	1959	Great China Famile begins (15-45 million deaths)
					1959	Antarctic Treaty
11/13	317		1960.026	1962.449	1960	Jacques Piccard and Don Walsh descend Mariana Trench in bathyscape Trieste
					1960	Sirimavo Bandaranaike becomes first female head of a democratic state
					1960	Theodore Maiman introduces laser beam
					1960	USA FDA approves oral contraceptives
					1960	Beatles formed
					1961	Yuri Gagarin becomes first person in space
					1961	George Devol introduces industrial robot “Unimate”
11/14	318		1962.449	1964.785
11/15	319		1964.785	1967.037
11/16	320		1967.037	1969.212
11/17	321		1969.212	1971.314	1969	Neil Armstrong becomes first person to reach the moon
					1969	ARPANET is connected
					1970	Hawking and Penrose prove the Big Bang
					1970	James Russell invents optical disk recording.
11/18	322		1971.314	1973.348	1972	Paul Berg creates first recombinant DNA
11/19	323		1973.348	1975.318	1973
11/20	324		1975.318	1977.228	1975	First PC – the Altair 8800
11/21	325		1977.228	1979.081	1978	First test tube baby
11/22	326		1979.081	1980.882	1979	Standard Model complete; combines quantum mechanics with special relativity
					1980	Smallpox eradicated
11/23	327		1980.882	1982.633	1981	First case of AIDS
					1982	International moratorium on whaling
11/24	328		1982.633	1984.337	1984	Bruce McCandless goes on first untethered spacewalk
11/25	329		1984.337	1985.998	1985	Humans discover they have made a hole in the ozone layer
					1985	Elizabeth Blackburn and Carol Greider discover telomerase, the enzyme that controls cellular ageing
11/26	330		1985.998	1987.618
11/27	331		1987.618	1989.199
11/28	332		1989.199	1990.744	1989	Tim Berners-Lee invents World Wide Web
					1990	Voyager takes “pale blue dot” photo from 6 billion km:
					1990	NASA and ESA launch Hubble Space Telescope
11/29	333		1990.744	1992.256
11/30	334		1992.256	1993.736	1992	UN Convention on Biological DiversityFrances  ratified by all but USA
					1993	Frances Arnold demonstrates tuning of enzyme functions
12/1	335		1993.736	1995.186	1994	Bezos launches Amazon
					1994	World Trade Organization Formed
					1994	Rich countries impose TRIPs agreement on poor countries
12/2	336		1995.186	1996.608	1996	Roslin Institute clones a sheep and names the clone Dolly
					1996	First solar-powered aircraft
12/3	337		1996.608	1998.004	1997	NASA’s Sojourner lands on Mars
					1997	Demonstration of quantum teleportation
					1997	Kyoto Protocol adopted
12/4	338		1998.004	1999.376	1998	Larry Page and Sergei Brin create Google search technology
12/5	339		1999.376	2000.724	2000	Netherlands recognizes same-sex marriage
12/6	340		2000.724	2002.051	2001	Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger launch Wikipedia
					2001	White Institute produces draft sequence of human genome
					2001	9/11
12/7	341		2002.051	2003.358
12/8	342		2003.358	2004.645	2004	Mark Zuckerberg launches Facebook
12/9	343		2004.645	2005.915
12/10	344		2005.915	2007.168	2006	Jack Dorsey launches Twitter
12/11	345		2007.168	2008.406	2007	UN Declaration of the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (rejected by US)
					2007	US Bank Failures trigger global recession
12/12	346		2008.406	2009.628	2008	Apple introduces Iphone App Store
					2008	Ecuador’s new constitution  recognizes rights of Nature
					2009	Bitcoin launched, increasing carbon emissions
12/13	347		2009.628	2010.837	2010	Venter Institute creates first self-replicating bacterial cell
12/14	348		2010.837	2012.033
12/15	349		2012.033	2013.217	2012	Higgs boson observed, validating Standard Model of particle physics
					2012	CRISPR-Cas9 invented independently by Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer Doudna, and MIT’s Broad Institute
					2012	Voyager 1 leaves solar system
12/16	350		2013.217	2014.39
12/17	351		2014.39	2015.551
12/18	352		2015.551	2016.703	2016	Gravitational waves first detected
					2016	AlphaGo beats world champion Lee Sedol, move 37 presages  dominance of AI over human creativity and thought
12/19	353		2016.703	2017.845	2017	Sweden passes legislation for net-zero emissions by 2050
					2017	Space debris count reaches 23,000 objects bigger than an apple
12/20	354		2017.845	2018.979
12/21	355		2018.979	2020.104	2019	First image of a black hole, 6.5 billion times the mass of the sun
					2019	Google AI Quantum demonstrates superiority of quantum computing technology
					2019	Covid outbreak in China
12/22	356		2020.104	2021.222	2020	Libya deploys autonomous AI drones
					2020	AlphaFold (derived from AlphaGo) solves protein solving problem
12/23	357		2021.222	2022.332	2021	James Webb Telescope launched
12/24	358		2022.332	2023.435	2022	Russia invades Ukraine
					2022	Green energy costs reach parity with fossil fuels
					2022
					2022	ChatCPT
					2022	Fusion ignition achieved
12/25	359		2023.435	2024.532	2023	AI tool GNoME finds 2.2 million new crystals, including 380,000 stable materials that could power future technologies
						Alphafold 3: https://blog.google/technology/ai/google-deepmind-isomorphic-alphafold-3-ai-model/
12/26	360		2024.532	2025.623
12/27	361		2025.623	2026.708
12/28	362		2026.708	2027.788
12/29	363		2027.788	2028.864
12/30	364		2028.864	2029.934
12/31	365		2029.934	2031